Although naturally occurring, lead is harmful to plants and animals. Its use in ammunition for hunting, shooting sports, and fishing tackle remains widespread, despite well-documented adverse effects on wildlife. This report reviews all relevant scientific studies on lead sources that originate from hunting, shooting sports, and fishing activities and their impact on fish and wildlife.
Development of wind power offers promise of contributing to renewable energy portfolios to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from carbon-based sources. This report summarizes information on the impacts of wind energy facilities on wildlife and wildlife habitat, including state and federal permitting processes, wildlife fatality, habitat loss and modification, animal displacement and fragmentation, offshore development, and issues surrounding monitoring and research methodology, including the use of technological tools.
Conservation benefits of the Farm Bill are allocated through the various conservation programs including the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP), and other related programs. This report provides a summary documentation of the numerous benefits to fish and wildlife that can be produced through Farm Bill practices.
Farm Bill conservation programs are widely utilized by agricultural producers and are producing numerous and substantial conservation benefits. This publication updates Heard et al (2000) with new information concerning wildlife benefits derived from Farm Bill conservation programs.
This review draws on our nation’s more than 30 years of experience with the current version of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) to identify problems limiting the successful implementation of the law with respect to listing, critical habitat designation, conservation on private lands, involvement of state fish and wildlife agencies, species recovery, interagency section 7 consultation, consideration of distinct population segments, and ensuring sound decisions. Nearly 60 funding, administrative, and legislative measures are provided to address these problems and improve the effectiveness of species conservation.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) was petitioned in 1997 to consider listing northern goshawks under the Endangered Species Act. The FWS determined that listing was not warranted and based that decision on review of existing population and habitat information. This technical review considers technical information summarized in the FWS status review, published literature, and technical information that has become available subsequent to the FWS determination.
In 2001, The Wildlife Society appointed a technical review committee to investigate the relationship between economic growth and wildlife conservation. This report examines the fundamental conflict between economic growth and wildlife conservation and includes the sound theoretical and empirical evidence supporting that conflict.
Commercial demand for hunting and for sale of live ungulates and their products has prompted the growth of a commercial industry that raises non-domesticated native ungulates within managed properties. The rapid expansion in number and acreage of fenced properties throughout North America has prompted a need for a review of the biological and social issues related to these management practices. This report reviews the primary biological and social issues directly and indirectly associated with confinement of wild ungulates.
A number of wildlife species have become overabundant either locally or regionally in North America, causing a myriad of conflicts with humans. Traditional population management techniques for overabundant wildlife such as hunting and trapping increasingly are restricted or infeasible in parks and suburban areas. This report explores a number of complex technical, biological, economic, and legal issues that will need to be addressed before infertility agents can be used in situations where traditional management techniques are not feasible.
Ecosystem management is a landscape planning approach to natural resource management that has the objectives of maintaining the full complement of biodiversity as well as ecosystem integrity while also integrating economic and social objectives. This report discusses ecological performance measures of ecosystem management that are also the basis for ecological sustainability.
This report documents the growth of bowhunting in North America, reviews the types and purposes of equipment regulations, reviews and summarizes the literature relating to the efficacy of bowhunting and proficiency of bowhunters, documents current challenges to bowhunting, and identifies research needs. The urgency for this review grew out of the increase in bowhunting participation during the past 3 decades, its use as a population management tool, and more frequent challenges to the use of this tool by animal welfare and animal rights groups.
This report analyzes the scientific basis of the interim management guidelines resulting from the Management Recommendations for the Northern Goshawk in the Southwestern United States developed by the U.S. Forest Service. It also evaluates regional Forest Service policy implementing the interim guidelines and field application of those guidelines.
Increasing interest and concern with the designation and management of wilderness areas in North America is anticipated, and an overview of wildlife management in North American wilderness is an important first step in considering future directions or policies regarding wilderness management. While solutions to these challenges might be complex, some direction is suggested in this report.
Federal farm policy impacts wildlife habitat on 400+ million acres of private farmland, more than any other single federal program. This report reviews Farm Bill conservation programs and offers recommendations for the 1995 Farm Bill.
Fish and wildlife have long served as the biological “red flag” manifesting adverse effects of wetland acidification from anthropogenic acidic depositions. This report reviews the effects of acidic depositions on wildlife according to the 2 primary objectives of The Wildlife Society: (1) to develop and promote sound stewardship of wildlife resources and the environments upon which wildlife and humans depend and (2) to undertake an active role in preventing human-induced environmental degradation.
Restoration of gray wolves and red wolves to parts of their former ranges in the contiguous 48 states is in progress. Concern over effects of these restorations on livestock and other wildlife species is evident. Methods of restoration, management of restored populations, and perceptions and support for restoration are discussed in this technical review.
Traps of various types are used extensively in wildlife management, particularly in managing furbearers. This report summarizes current information on traps, trapping, and furbearer management in the U.S. and Canada, including discussion of associated biological, social, and economic issues.
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